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Reported speech/Косвенная речь

Про косвенные вопросы говорили здесь.

Прямая речь: Jim said: "I work today".
Косвенная речь: Jim said that he worked that day.

⭐️В целом, суть в том, что в косвенной речи мы постоянно делаем шаг назад во времени. Почему? "Ритм" задает повествование, а в данном случае это будут всякие словечки, вроде "said, told, recommended, suggested, asked". Повествование же ведется обычно в прошедшем времени, а английском есть такая штука, как согласование времен. Вот поэтому все время стремимся к прошлому.

⭐️ А если конкретно, то:
present simple -> past simple
"I study every day". -> He said (that) he studied every day.
present continuous -> past continuous
"I am studying every day". -> He said (that) he was studying every day.
present perfect -> past perfect
"I have studied". -> He said (that) he had studied.
past simple -> past perfect
"I studied". -> He said (that) he had studied.
present perfect continuous -> past perfect continuous
"I have been studying". -> He said (that) he had been studying.
past perfect -> past perfect (потому, что дальше в прошлое идти уже некуда)
"I had studied". -> He said (that) he had studied.
future simple -> would+infinitive
"I will study". -> He said (that) he would study.
(вообще will просто переходит в would в любом времени)
past continuous -> past perfect continuous
"I was studying". -> He said (that) he had been studying.

⭐️Модальные:
can->could
must->had to
may/might->might
shall/should->should

⭐️Если глагол, передающий слова, не в прошедшем времени, то и менять ничего не нужно:
"My children are adult", Mara says. -> Mara says her children are adult.

⭐️Если ситуация все еще актуальна, тоже можем ничего не менять:
"My sister is a doctor", Arthur said. -> Arthur said his sister is a doctor"- Она все еще доктор на тот момент,когда мы передаем информацию.

John told me: "I need to see your brother today". И передаем теперь это брату: John told me that he needs to see you today". Сегодня еще не закончено, желание Джона актуально, можно оставить настоящее время.

А вот если уже наступило завтра, и ситуация уже неактуальна, то: John told me that he needed to see you yesterday".

⭐️Иногда не меняют past simple на past perfect в разговорной речи.

⭐️Помним про say и tell: после say не говорим кому сказано, после tell наоборот говорим:
I said
I told him/her/you/them/my friend

либо I said TO him...

⭐️Опять же, к вопросу актуальности. Поскольку обычно мы передаем слова уже в другом месте и другое время изначального место- и времярасположения, то меняем наречия:
"I'll see you tomorrow", Alicia said. -> Alicia said that she would see me the next day.
Если tomorrow, который изначально имелся в виду, завтрашним днем не является,то меняем его на the next day/the following day, чтобы людей не путать. И так с другими наречиями:

today ->that day
yesterday->the previous day/the day before
tomorrow->the following day/the next day
now->then
2 days ago->2 days before
last week-> the week before
next year->the following year
here->there
this->that
these->those
tomight->that night

То есть, опять же, все время отдаляемся.

Logical English
#grammar

Reported speech/Косвенная речь

Про косвенные вопросы говорили здесь.

Прямая речь: Jim said: "I work today".
Косвенная речь: Jim said that he worked that day.

⭐️В целом, суть в том, что в косвенной речи мы постоянно делаем шаг назад во времени. Почему? "Ритм" задает повествование, а в данном случае это будут всякие словечки, вроде "said, told, recommended, suggested, asked". Повествование же ведется обычно в прошедшем времени, а английском есть такая штука, как согласование времен. Вот поэтому все время стремимся к прошлому.

⭐️ А если конкретно, то:
present simple -> past simple
"I study every day". -> He said (that) he studied every day.
present continuous -> past continuous
"I am studying every day". -> He said (that) he was studying every day.
present perfect -> past perfect
"I have studied". -> He said (that) he had studied.
past simple -> past perfect
"I studied". -> He said (that) he had studied.
present perfect continuous -> past perfect continuous
"I have been studying". -> He said (that) he had been studying.
past perfect -> past perfect (потому, что дальше в прошлое идти уже некуда)
"I had studied". -> He said (that) he had studied.
future simple -> would+infinitive
"I will study". -> He said (that) he would study.
(вообще will просто переходит в would в любом времени)
past continuous -> past perfect continuous
"I was studying". -> He said (that) he had been studying.

⭐️Модальные:
can->could
must->had to
may/might->might
shall/should->should

⭐️Если глагол, передающий слова, не в прошедшем времени, то и менять ничего не нужно:
"My children are adult", Mara says. -> Mara says her children are adult.

⭐️Если ситуация все еще актуальна, тоже можем ничего не менять:
"My sister is a doctor", Arthur said. -> Arthur said his sister is a doctor"- Она все еще доктор на тот момент,когда мы передаем информацию.

John told me: "I need to see your brother today". И передаем теперь это брату: John told me that he needs to see you today". Сегодня еще не закончено, желание Джона актуально, можно оставить настоящее время.

А вот если уже наступило завтра, и ситуация уже неактуальна, то: John told me that he needed to see you yesterday".

⭐️Иногда не меняют past simple на past perfect в разговорной речи.

⭐️Помним про say и tell: после say не говорим кому сказано, после tell наоборот говорим:
I said
I told him/her/you/them/my friend

либо I said TO him...

⭐️Опять же, к вопросу актуальности. Поскольку обычно мы передаем слова уже в другом месте и другое время изначального место- и времярасположения, то меняем наречия:
"I'll see you tomorrow", Alicia said. -> Alicia said that she would see me the next day.
Если tomorrow, который изначально имелся в виду, завтрашним днем не является,то меняем его на the next day/the following day, чтобы людей не путать. И так с другими наречиями:

today ->that day
yesterday->the previous day/the day before
tomorrow->the following day/the next day
now->then
2 days ago->2 days before
last week-> the week before
next year->the following year
here->there
this->that
these->those
tomight->that night

То есть, опять же, все время отдаляемся.
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In recent times, Telegram has gained a lot of popularity because of the controversy over WhatsApp’s new privacy policy. In January 2021, Telegram was the most downloaded app worldwide and crossed 500 million monthly active users. And with so many active users on the app, people might get messages in bulk from a group or a channel that can be a little irritating. So to get rid of the same, you can mute groups, chats, and channels on Telegram just like WhatsApp. You can mute notifications for one hour, eight hours, or two days, or you can disable notifications forever.

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