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💰سلسلة فتاوى الزكاة💰 @فتاوى العلماء 🌴
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💰سلسلة فتاوى الزكاة💰

لفضيلة الشيخ العلامة محمد بن صالح العثيمين رحمه الله « 3 »
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📌..ﺳﺌﻞ ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ اﻟﺸﻴﺦ - ﺭﺣﻤﻪ اﻟﻠﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ -: ﻣﺎ ﺣﻜﻢ اﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﻓﻲ اﻹﺳﻼﻡ؟ ﻭﻣﺘﻰ ﻓﺮﺿﺖ؟


📌 ﻓﺄﺟﺎﺏ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ: اﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﺭﻛﺎﻥ اﻹﺳﻼﻡ اﻟﺨﻤﺴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ؛ ﻟﻘﻮﻝ اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﷺ: «ﺑﻨﻲ اﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻤﺲ: ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻣﺤﻤﺪا ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﷲ، ﻭﺇﻗﺎﻡ اﻟﺼﻼﺓ، ﻭﺇﻳﺘﺎء اﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ، ﻭﺻﻮﻡ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ، ﻭﺣﺞ ﺑﻴﺖ اﻟﻠﻪ اﻟﺤﺮاﻡ»

ﻭﻫﻲ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺑﺈﺟﻤﺎﻉ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻦ، ﻓﻤﻦ ﺃﻧﻜﺮ ﻭﺟﻮﺑﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﻔﺮ، ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺑﺈﺳﻼﻡ، ﺃﻭ ﻧﺎﺷﻰء ﻓﻲ ﺑﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺑﻌﻴﺪﺓ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﻓﻴﻌﺬﺭ، ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ، ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺻﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﻔﺮ ﻣﺮﺗﺪا، ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻌﻬﺎ ﺑﺨﻼ ﻭﺗﻬﺎﻭﻧﺎ ﻓﻔﻴﻪ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ، ﻓﻤﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ: ﺇﻧﻪ ﻳﻜﻔﺮ، ﻭﻫﻮ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺭﻭاﻳﺘﻴﻦ ﻋﻦ اﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﺣﻤﺪ، ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ: ﺇﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻔﺮ، ﻭﻫﺬا ﻫﻮ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ، ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺗﻰ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ، ﻭاﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻔﺮ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﺑﻲ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﺭﺿﻲ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﷺ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻋﻘﻮﺑﺔ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺯﻛﺎﺓ اﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﻭاﻟﻔﻀﺔ، ﺛﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ: «ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﻘﻀﻰ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩ ﻓﻴﺮﻯ ﺳﺒﻴﻠﻪ: ﺇﻣﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ اﻟﺠﻨﺔ ﻭﺇﻣﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ اﻟﻨﺎﺭ».

ﻭﺇﺫا ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻯ ﻟﻪ ﺳﺒﻴﻼ ﺇﻟﻰ اﻟﺠﻨﺔ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻜﺎﻓﺮ؛ ﻷﻥ اﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺳﺒﻴﻼ ﻟﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ اﻟﺠﻨﺔ، ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎﻧﻌﻬﺎ ﺑﺨﻼ ﻭﺗﻬﺎﻭﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻹﺛﻢ اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ اﻟﻠﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ: {ﻭﻻ ﻳﺤﺴﺒﻦ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺒﺨﻠﻮﻥ ﺑﻤﺂءاﺗﺎﻫﻢ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻀﻠﻪ ﻫﻮ ﺧﻴﺮا ﻟﻬﻢ ﺑﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺷﺮ ﻟﻬﻢ ﺳﻴﻄﻮﻗﻮﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺨﻠﻮا ﺑﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﻟﻠﻪ ﻣﻴﺮاﺙ اﻟﺴﻤﺎﻭاﺕ ﻭاﻷﺭﺽ ﻭاﻟﻠﻪ ﺑﻤﺎ ﺗﻌﻤﻠﻮﻥ ﺧﺒﻴﺮ}. ﻭﻓﻲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ: {ﻭاﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻜﻨﺰﻭﻥ اﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﻭاﻟﻔﻀﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻨﻔﻘﻮﻧﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻓﺒﺸﺮﻫﻢ ﺑﻌﺬاﺏ ﺃﻟﻴﻢ ﻓﺒﺸﺮﻫﻢ ﺑﻌﺬاﺏ ﺃﻟﻴﻢ * ﻳﻮﻡ ﻳﺤﻤﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ ﻧﺎﺭ ﺟﻬﻨﻢ ﻓﺘﻜﻮﻯ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺟﺒﺎﻫﻬﻢ ﻭﺟﻨﻮﺑﻬﻢ ﻭﻇﻬﻮﺭﻫﻢ ﻫﺎﺫا ﻣﺎ ﻛﻨﺰﺗﻢ ﻷﻧﻔﺴﻜﻢ ﻓﺬﻭﻗﻮا ﻣﺎ ﻛﻨﺘﻢ ﺗﻜﻨﺰﻭﻥ}. ﻓﻌﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮء اﻟﻤﺴﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﻜﺮ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻌﻤﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎﻝ، ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺯﻛﺎﺗﻪ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﻛﺔ ﻭﻧﻤﺎء.

ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻗﻮﻝ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ: ﻣﺘﻰ ﻓﺮﺿﺖ اﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ؟
ﻓﺠﻮاﺑﻪ: ﺃﻥ اﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﻓﺮﺿﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺻﺢ ﺃﻗﻮاﻝ ﺃﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﻤﻜﺔ، ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ اﻷﻧﺼﺒﺔ ﻭاﻷﻣﻮاﻝ اﻟﺰﻛﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺃﻫﻞ اﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ.


📙📔 المصدر :
فتاوى ورسائل العثيمين ج ١٨ ص ١٣

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فتاوى العلماء 🌴
💰سلسلة فتاوى الزكاة💰

لفضيلة الشيخ العلامة محمد بن صالح العثيمين رحمه الله « 3 »
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📌..ﺳﺌﻞ ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ اﻟﺸﻴﺦ - ﺭﺣﻤﻪ اﻟﻠﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ -: ﻣﺎ ﺣﻜﻢ اﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﻓﻲ اﻹﺳﻼﻡ؟ ﻭﻣﺘﻰ ﻓﺮﺿﺖ؟


📌 ﻓﺄﺟﺎﺏ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ: اﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﺭﻛﺎﻥ اﻹﺳﻼﻡ اﻟﺨﻤﺴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ؛ ﻟﻘﻮﻝ اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﷺ: «ﺑﻨﻲ اﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻤﺲ: ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻣﺤﻤﺪا ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﷲ، ﻭﺇﻗﺎﻡ اﻟﺼﻼﺓ، ﻭﺇﻳﺘﺎء اﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ، ﻭﺻﻮﻡ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ، ﻭﺣﺞ ﺑﻴﺖ اﻟﻠﻪ اﻟﺤﺮاﻡ»

ﻭﻫﻲ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺑﺈﺟﻤﺎﻉ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻦ، ﻓﻤﻦ ﺃﻧﻜﺮ ﻭﺟﻮﺑﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﻔﺮ، ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺑﺈﺳﻼﻡ، ﺃﻭ ﻧﺎﺷﻰء ﻓﻲ ﺑﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺑﻌﻴﺪﺓ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﻓﻴﻌﺬﺭ، ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ، ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺻﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﻔﺮ ﻣﺮﺗﺪا، ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻌﻬﺎ ﺑﺨﻼ ﻭﺗﻬﺎﻭﻧﺎ ﻓﻔﻴﻪ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ، ﻓﻤﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ: ﺇﻧﻪ ﻳﻜﻔﺮ، ﻭﻫﻮ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺭﻭاﻳﺘﻴﻦ ﻋﻦ اﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﺣﻤﺪ، ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ: ﺇﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻔﺮ، ﻭﻫﺬا ﻫﻮ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ، ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺗﻰ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ، ﻭاﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻔﺮ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﺑﻲ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﺭﺿﻲ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﷺ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻋﻘﻮﺑﺔ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺯﻛﺎﺓ اﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﻭاﻟﻔﻀﺔ، ﺛﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ: «ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﻘﻀﻰ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩ ﻓﻴﺮﻯ ﺳﺒﻴﻠﻪ: ﺇﻣﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ اﻟﺠﻨﺔ ﻭﺇﻣﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ اﻟﻨﺎﺭ».

ﻭﺇﺫا ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻯ ﻟﻪ ﺳﺒﻴﻼ ﺇﻟﻰ اﻟﺠﻨﺔ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻜﺎﻓﺮ؛ ﻷﻥ اﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺳﺒﻴﻼ ﻟﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ اﻟﺠﻨﺔ، ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎﻧﻌﻬﺎ ﺑﺨﻼ ﻭﺗﻬﺎﻭﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻹﺛﻢ اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ اﻟﻠﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ: {ﻭﻻ ﻳﺤﺴﺒﻦ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺒﺨﻠﻮﻥ ﺑﻤﺂءاﺗﺎﻫﻢ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻀﻠﻪ ﻫﻮ ﺧﻴﺮا ﻟﻬﻢ ﺑﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺷﺮ ﻟﻬﻢ ﺳﻴﻄﻮﻗﻮﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺨﻠﻮا ﺑﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﻟﻠﻪ ﻣﻴﺮاﺙ اﻟﺴﻤﺎﻭاﺕ ﻭاﻷﺭﺽ ﻭاﻟﻠﻪ ﺑﻤﺎ ﺗﻌﻤﻠﻮﻥ ﺧﺒﻴﺮ}. ﻭﻓﻲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ: {ﻭاﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻜﻨﺰﻭﻥ اﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﻭاﻟﻔﻀﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻨﻔﻘﻮﻧﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻓﺒﺸﺮﻫﻢ ﺑﻌﺬاﺏ ﺃﻟﻴﻢ ﻓﺒﺸﺮﻫﻢ ﺑﻌﺬاﺏ ﺃﻟﻴﻢ * ﻳﻮﻡ ﻳﺤﻤﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ ﻧﺎﺭ ﺟﻬﻨﻢ ﻓﺘﻜﻮﻯ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺟﺒﺎﻫﻬﻢ ﻭﺟﻨﻮﺑﻬﻢ ﻭﻇﻬﻮﺭﻫﻢ ﻫﺎﺫا ﻣﺎ ﻛﻨﺰﺗﻢ ﻷﻧﻔﺴﻜﻢ ﻓﺬﻭﻗﻮا ﻣﺎ ﻛﻨﺘﻢ ﺗﻜﻨﺰﻭﻥ}. ﻓﻌﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮء اﻟﻤﺴﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﻜﺮ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻌﻤﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎﻝ، ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺯﻛﺎﺗﻪ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﻛﺔ ﻭﻧﻤﺎء.

ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻗﻮﻝ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ: ﻣﺘﻰ ﻓﺮﺿﺖ اﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ؟
ﻓﺠﻮاﺑﻪ: ﺃﻥ اﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﻓﺮﺿﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺻﺢ ﺃﻗﻮاﻝ ﺃﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﻤﻜﺔ، ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ اﻷﻧﺼﺒﺔ ﻭاﻷﻣﻮاﻝ اﻟﺰﻛﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺃﻫﻞ اﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ.


📙📔 المصدر :
فتاوى ورسائل العثيمين ج ١٨ ص ١٣

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Q: What is Telegram? What do I do here?

Telegram is a messaging app with a focus on speed and security, it’s super-fast, simple and free. You can use Telegram on all your devices at the same time — your messages sync seamlessly across any number of your phones, tablets or computers.

Q: Who is Telegram for?

Telegram is for everyone who wants fast and reliable messaging and calls. Business users and small teams may like the large groups, usernames, desktop apps and powerful file sharing options. You can appoint admins with advanced tools to help these communities prosper in peace. Public groups can be joined by anyone and are powerful platforms for discussions and collecting feedback.In case you're more into pictures, Telegram has animated gif search, a state of the art photo editor, and an open sticker platform (find some cool stickers here or here). What's more, there is no need to worry about disk space on your device. With Telegram's cloud support and cache management options, Telegram can take up nearly zero space on your phone.

Q: How is Telegram different from WhatsApp?

Unlike WhatsApp, Telegram is a cloud-based messenger with seamless sync. As a result, you can access your messages from several devices at once, including tablets and computers, and share an unlimited number of photos, videos and files (doc, zip, mp3, etc.) of up to 2 GB each. And if you don't want to store all that data on your device, you can always keep it in the cloud.Thanks to our multi-data center infrastructure and encryption, Telegram is faster and way more secure. On top of that, Telegram is free and will stay free — no ads, no subscription fees, forever.

Q: Can I make calls via Telegram?

Yes! Voice calls are currently available to users around the world.

Many modern travelers appear to struggle with managing various aspects of their finances simultaneously while abroad, such as banking, budgeting, investing, trading, and saving. It is important to have apps installed on the device that will help you carry out these necessary tasks.

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