【皮亚杰理论】
来源于康德的认识理论。康德的认识理论是先验的，天生就有的，皮亚杰认为天生就有的认识只是一个起点，认识的发生主要是在后天的活动中逐渐形成的。
提出两个概念：
格式：表示操作活动，代表动作中能重复和概括的东西，能从一个情境迁移到另一个情境。
图式：不涉及操作活动，用思想的图像去表征现实，却不去改变现实，只是简单化的意象。
格式种类的多寡和质量高低随着年龄和经验的增长而变化。
内化建构，指认识主体对动作进行分解，归类，排列，组合等协调操作，从而形成动作结构。或对已有的动作结构进行再次建构，从而形成更高级复杂的格式。
外化建构，在脑海中将经验组织在格式中，形成关于现实客体的物理知识，然后主体用实际动作影响客体，发生相互的作用，从何转变改造客体。
皮亚杰以智力未主要的研究对象，探索智力的结构和功能与年龄的关系。
行为主义以动作行为的研究方法探索人的心理，把人当成机器。
精神分析探索人的潜意识，认为人是受到本能支配。
Pinterest (PINS) closed at $71.75 in the latest trading session, marking a -0.18% move from the prior day. This change lagged the S&P 500's daily gain of 0.1%. Meanwhile, the Dow gained 0.9%, and the Nasdaq, a tech-heavy index, lost 0.59%. Heading into today, shares of the digital pinboard and shopping tool company had lost 17.41% over the past month, lagging the Computer and Technology sector's loss of 5.38% and the S&P 500's gain of 0.71% in that time. Investors will be hoping for strength from PINS as it approaches its next earnings release. The company is expected to report EPS of $0.07, up 170% from the prior-year quarter. Our most recent consensus estimate is calling for quarterly revenue of $467.87 million, up 72.05% from the year-ago period.
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