随便说几句关于单端口多用户的设计。简单来说这是一个先有鸡还是先有蛋的问题，服务器要知道连进来的是哪个用户，但流量是加密的，要知道用户ID才能进行解密。于是用户ID需要一套额外的沟通机制。 @Project V 公告

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Create: 2019-08-20 Update: 2025-07-03 13:03:10

随便说几句关于单端口多用户的设计。简单来说这是一个先有鸡还是先有蛋的问题，服务器要知道连进来的是哪个用户，但流量是加密的，要知道用户ID才能进行解密。于是用户ID需要一套额外的沟通机制。

1. 总体性能最优的方案是 TLS 的证书交换机制，除了证书相关的几百个字节之外没有额外的开销，通讯性能也相当好。唯一的问题是证书交换时有明显的握手特征。
2. Shadowsocks 不支持多用户。服务器唯一的兼容做法是尝试使用每一个用户密钥解密流量，在用户量大的时候会影响握手性能。
3. SSR 支持多用户但有一个问题，其对用户ID的加密没有满足密码学的要求。
4. VMess 对于多用户的解决方案是预生成大量的密钥(每秒钟N个，N = AlterID + 1)并缓存哈希后的数据，用空间换时间的方式判断用户ID，并保证ID不会被破解。

Q: 用户ID被破解有什么意义？
A: 由于单个客户端长期使用单个ID(密钥），如果能从流量反推出稳定的ID，那也就间接证明了这些流量都用了某一种协议。

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