🔆Article 310 and Article 311

✅Recently President terminated services of Army Major posted with Strategic Forces Command under the powers conferred upon him under the article 310.
✅ Article 310 : The following members works at the pleasure of the President:
☑️ Members of the defence services, Civil services of the Centre and All-India services or persons holding military posts or civil posts under the Centre.
✅The following members works at the pleasure of the Governors of the respective state:
☑️ Members of the civil services of a state or persons holding civil posts under a state.
✅ Article 311 : It places 2 restrictions on the above ‘doctrine of pleasure’.
☑️ A civil servant cannot be dismissed or removed by an authority subordinate to that by which he was appointed.
☑️ A civil servant cannot be dismissed or removed or reduced in rank except after an inquiry in which he has been informed of the charges against him.
✅ The above 2 safeguards are available only to the members of the civil services of the Centre, the all-India services, the civil services of a state or to persons holding civil posts under the Centre or a state.