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Create: 2025-02-09 Update: 2025-06-30 16:17:13

‍ شکست خودبه‌خودی تقارن و مکانیزم هیگز

اگر چگالی لاگرانژی میدان تحت تبدیلی متقارن باشد در حالتی که تبهگنی وجود نداشته باشد، ویژه‌حالت ها نیز تحت این تبدیل ناوردا می‌مانند. اما در حالت تبهگن چنین نخواهد بود. منظور از تبهگنی در انرژی وضعیتی است که در آن به ازای یک ویژه حالت چند مقدار انرژی وجود داشته باشد.
اگر در حالت خلأ یعنی کمترین مقدار انرژی میدان، تبهگنی رخ دهد، حالت خلأ یکتا نخواهد بود و شکست خودبه خودی تقارن اتفاق می‌افتد. شکل زیر می‌تواند این وضعیت را واضح کند. در اینجا حالت خلأ یا همان کمینه میدان در یک حلقه‌ی حول مبدأ که در آن میدان صفر است، قرار دارد. بنابراین حالت خلأ یکتا نیست و می‌تواند هر نقطه‌ای در این حلقه باشد. در اینجا بینهایت حالت متناظر با حالت خلأ وجود دارد.
میدان را میتوان حول نقطه تعادل بسط داد. لاگرانژی را درنظر میگیریم که تحت تبدیل U(1) پیمانه‌ای ناوردا باشد. لاگرانژی نوشته شده برحسب بسط میدان با لاگرانژی اولیه باید برابر باشد و حالت فیزیکی یکسانی را توصیف کند. در حالتی که شکست خودبه‌خودی تقارن وجود نداشته باشد محاسبات به موضوع هیجان‌انگیزی نخواهد رسید. اما با ادامه محاسبات در حالتی که شکست تقارن رخ می‌دهد نتیجه جالب خواهد بود. با حفظ تقارن پیمانه‌ای و ضرورت های فیزیکی مسئله، میتوان با شروع از یک میدان اسکالر و میدان برداری بدون جرم آغاز و به یک میدان اسکالر و میدان برداری جرمدار رسید. به این فرایند که طی آن با حفظ تقارن پیمانه‌ای بوزون برداری جرمدار می‌شود، مکانیزم هیگز می‌گویند.
پس می‌توان گفت که شکست خودبه خودی تقارن موجب مکانیزم هیگز و پدیده جرمدار شدن ذرات می‌شود.

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Quantum Physics

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Telegram Desktop App Not Working on Windows?

Preliminary Fixes.

Rule out internet issues: Make sure your device is connected to a stable internet connection by running other apps on the same computer. When other apps work fine, connectivity issues get ruled out. Check Telegram status: When the internet is connected correctly, the next step should be to check that Telegram isn't experiencing downtime. To do that, visit the downdetector website and type in "Telegram" to see what's happening. When Telegram's status is active and there are no reported issues on downdetector, Telegram's backend is unlikely to present any issues.Give Telegram a fresh start: After ruling out internet and backend issues, give Telegram a fresh start to remove the possibility of temporary glitches that prevent you from contacting your friends. Shut down the Telegram app completely, preferably from Task Manager, and then relaunch it.

‍ شکست خودبه‌خودی تقارن و مکانیزم هیگز

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