Quantum Physics | United States America (US)

Create: 2024-12-31 Update: 2025-06-29 04:45:18

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مدل استاندارد شامل دوازده ذره‌ی بنیادی است. این دوازده ذره به دو دسته‌ی کوارک ها و لپتون ها تقسیم می‌شوند.
لپتون‌ها از سه گروه یا طعم تشکیل می‌شوند. هر گروه شامل یک لپتون باردار و یک نوترینو است. الکترون به همراه نوترینوی الکترون، تائو به همراه نوترینوی تائو و میون به همراه نوترینوی میون خانواده لپتون ها را تشکیل می‌دهند‌.
در واکنش‌ها همواره الکترون به همراه نوترینوی خود یا پادالکترون تولید می‌شود و به همین ترتیب تائو و میون. به همین علت لپتون ها را اینچنین دسته بندی می‌کنند. الکترون و نوترینوی الکترون در یک چیز یعنی طعم الکترون مشترک هستند و طعم نیز در واکنش ها از قانون پایستگی پیروی میکند. البته همیشه اینطور نیست. برای مثال در پدیده‌ای به نام نوسانات نوترینو، نوترینوی الکترون به نوترینوی تائو یا میون تبدیل می‌شود. این پدیده نشان می‌دهد که نوترینوها جرم غیرصفر دارند و بنابراین طعم لپتون همواره پایسته نمی‌ماند. البته با توجه به جرم بسیار کوچک نوترینو این تخلف از پایستگی نیز به ندرت رخ میدهد.

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8.2K viewsMatin Abri, edited Dec 31, 2024 at 17:09

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Run Telegram as an Administrator

hen you run any Windows application as an administrator, it gains access to those OS files that are otherwise restricted. It eliminates the possibility of temporary restrictions from the OS side that prevent Telegram from accessing files necessary for its operation. Hence, it has a good chance of resolving the issue.To run Telegram as an administrator, type "Telegram" in the Windows search bar. Right-click on the Telegram icon and click Run as administrator.

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