Сетевой архитектор | United States America (US)

Create: 2025-03-18 Update: 2025-06-30 23:57:01

КАДР VS ПАКЕТ. ЧАСТЬ 2

В этом посте я расскажу про то, когда какой термин используют, а также разберу некоторые неоднозначные ситуации.

Есть очевидные примеры:
*️⃣ Коммутаторы коммутируют кадры, т.к. для коммутации учитываются только MAC-адреса, которые содержатся в заголовках канального уровня. Коммутаторы вообще ничего не знают об IP-адресах, номерах портов и т.д.
*️⃣ Маршрутизаторы маршрутизируют пакеты, т.к. для маршрутизации учитываются только IP-адреса, которые содержатся в заголовках сетевого уровня.
*️⃣ Когда речь идет о надежности доставки, чаще всего в контекстах протоколов TCP и UDP, используются термины "сегмент" и "дейтаграмма".

Но бывают и неоднозначные ситуации. Попробуем в них разобраться.
*️⃣ Как правильно: "ARP-пакет" или "ARP-кадр"? Я считаю, что более корректным будет термин "ARP-кадр", т.к. ARP-кадры: 1) не маршрутизируются, 2) вообще не имеют заголовка сетевого уровня.
*️⃣ Как правильно: "DHCP-пакет" или "DHCP-кадр"? DHCP-кадры уже имеют заголовок сетевого уровня, но при этом они все равно не маршрутизируются (DHCP Relay не в счет). Я считаю, что в этом случае применимы оба термина. Я выбираю термин, основываясь на контексте. Если акцент надо сделать на содержимом заголовка канального уровня, я использую термин "DHCP-кадр", если акцент надо сделать на содержимом заголовка сетевого уровня, то я использую термин "DHCP-пакет".

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ИП Скоромнов Дмитрий Анатольевич, ИНН 331403723315

Сетевой архитектор

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КАДР VS ПАКЕТ. ЧАСТЬ 2

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