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Create: 2025-07-01 Update: 2025-07-05 12:14:52

✅ Correct answer:
The PNS promotes tumor growth and metastasis by modulating the tumor microenvironment via neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors.

Cancer neuroscience research highlights that the PNS actively participates in shaping the tumor microenvironment. Peripheral nerves release neurotransmitters (e.g., norepinephrine, acetylcholine) and neurotrophic factors (e.g., NGF, BDNF), which can directly enhance tumor growth, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. This interaction extends beyond pain signaling and contributes to cancer progression in various organs, including prostate, pancreatic, and gastric cancers.

ترجمه:
❓ کدام گزینه نقش سیستم عصبی محیطی (PNS) در پیشرفت سرطان را طبق مطالعات Cancer Neuroscience به بهترین شکل توضیح می‌دهد؟

الف)PNS با آزاد کردن نوروترانسمیترها و فاکتورهای نوروتروفیک، ریزمحیط تومور را تغییر داده و به رشد و متاستاز تومور کمک می‌کند

ب) PNS تعامل معناداری با سلول‌های تومور ندارد.

ج)PNS عمدتاً با فعال‌سازی سلول‌های ایمنی، رشد سرطان را مهار می‌کند.

د) PNS تنها از طریق مسیر درد بر سرطان تأثیر می‌گذارد و نقشی در رشد آن ندارد.

✅ پاسخ صحیح: الف
مطالعات Cancer Neuroscience نشان می‌دهد که سیستم عصبی محیطی نقش فعالی در شکل‌دهی به ریزمحیط تومور ایفا می‌کند. اعصاب محیطی با ترشح نوروترانسمیترها (مانند نوراپینفرین و استیل‌کولین) و فاکتورهای نوروتروفیک (مانند NGF و BDNF)، به‌طور مستقیم باعث افزایش رشد تومور، آنژیوژنز، تهاجم و متاستاز می‌شوند. این اثرگذاری تنها محدود به مسیرهای درد نیست و در پیشرفت سرطان در اندام‌های مختلف از جمله پروستات، پانکراس و معده نقش مهمی دارد.

نویسنده: محمدعلی فروزش
ویراستار: فاطمه جعفری

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Which of the following best explains the role of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) in cancer progression according to cancer neuroscience research?

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