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📖Dars #83 Ham gerundiy, ham infinitiv bilan ishlatiladigan fe'llar (2-qism)

✳️ Quyidagi ro'yxatda bir necha fe'llarning ham gerundiy, ham infitiniv bilan qoʻllanish holatlarini koʻrib chiqamiz:

1️⃣ to forget - esdan chiqarmoq, yoddan koʻtarilmoq degan ma'nolarda to infinitive bilan qoʻllaniladi. Ish-harakat bajarilmay qoladi.
🔸I forgot to lock the door, it was left open. (Eshikni kalitga yopish yodimdan koʻtarilibdi, u ochiq qoldi.)
▫️to forget - unutmoq, esdan chiqarmoq degan ma'nolarda avval sodir boʻlgan ish-harakatni eslay olmaslikni bildiradi va gerundiy bilan qoʻllaniladi.
🔸I forgot lending you any money. (Sizga qarzga pul berganimni eslay olmayapman)

2️⃣ to stop - toʻxtamoq (biror ish qilish maqsadida) ma'nosida to infinitive bilan qoʻllaniladi.
🔸He stopped to smoke. (U chekish uchun toʻxtadi.)
🔸After 2 hours we stopped to have a snack. (Ikki soatdan keyin biz tamaddi qilib olish uchun toʻxtadik.)
▫️to stop - toʻxtatmoq, tugatmoq (biror ish-qilishni) degan ma'nolarida gerundiy bilan qoʻllaniladi.
🔸He stopped smoking. (U chekishni toʻxtatdi/tashladi)
🔸When she came in, we stopped talking. (U kirganida, biz gaplashishni toʻxtatdik)

3️⃣ to need - kerak, lozim boʻlmoq ma'nolarida gapning egasi shaxs (ish-harakat bajaruvchisi) boʻlganda aniq nisbatda to+infinitive bilan qoʻllaniladi.
🔸I need to get up early tomorrow. (Men ertaga erta turishim lozim)
▫️to need - kerak, lozim boʻlmoq majhul nisbat ma'nosida gerund bilan qoʻllaniladi.
🔸My car needs cleaning. (Mashinam tozalanishi kerak.)
🔸My grandmother is old. She needs looking after.

💡Yuqoridagi ma'noda to want/require fe'llari ham gerundiy bilan qoʻllaniladi.
🔸My car wants cleaning.

4️⃣ to go on - biror ish qilishda davom etish ma'nosida gerundiy bilan qoʻllaniladi.
🔸We must change our ways. We can't go on living like this any more.
▫️to go on - biror ish qilishdan ikkinchi ishga oʻtish ma'nosida to+infinitive bilan qoʻllaniladi.
🔸Jack was busy writing letters. Then he went on to do his homework.

5️⃣ to mean - biror ish qilishni anglatadi, bildiradi degan ma'noda gerundiy bilan qo'llaniladi.
🔸 In those days, being a student meant spending long hours in the library. (O'sha paytlarda talaba bo'lish kutubxonada uzoq vaqtlab o'tirishni bildirar edi)
▫️to mean - niyatda bo'lmoq degan ma'noda to+infinitive bilan qo'llaniladi.
🔸Sorry, I didn't mean to hurt your feelings. (Kechirasiz, Sizni ko'nglingizga tegish niyatim yo'q edi)

6️⃣ to learn/teach - biror fanni o'rganish/o'rgatish, dars berish ma'nosida gerundiy bilan qo'llaniladi.
🔸 She teaches painting at a local adult education centre.
▫️to learn/teach - biror ish qilishni o'rganish/o'rgatish, ko'nikmaga ega bo'lish ma'nosida to+infinitive bilan qo'llaniladi.
🔸 I'd love to learn to paint well.

7️⃣ to imagine/consider - o'ylamoq, tasavvur (hayol) qilmoq degan ma'nosida gerundiy bilan qo'llaniladi.
🔸 I'm considering going to evening classes.
🔸 Imagine being a graduate!
▫️to imagine/consider - (sifatida) bilmoq, (sifatida) tasavvur qilmoq degan ma'nosida to+infinitive bilan qo'llaniladi.
🔸 Everyone considers it to be the best grammar book on the market.
🔸I imagine him to be a good teacher.

Ⓜ️ Grammarnotes

IELTS NINERS TEAM
📖Dars #83 Ham gerundiy, ham infinitiv bilan ishlatiladigan fe'llar (2-qism)

✳️ Quyidagi ro'yxatda bir necha fe'llarning ham gerundiy, ham infitiniv bilan qoʻllanish holatlarini koʻrib chiqamiz:

1️⃣ to forget - esdan chiqarmoq, yoddan koʻtarilmoq degan ma'nolarda to infinitive bilan qoʻllaniladi. Ish-harakat bajarilmay qoladi.
🔸I forgot to lock the door, it was left open. (Eshikni kalitga yopish yodimdan koʻtarilibdi, u ochiq qoldi.)
▫️to forget - unutmoq, esdan chiqarmoq degan ma'nolarda avval sodir boʻlgan ish-harakatni eslay olmaslikni bildiradi va gerundiy bilan qoʻllaniladi.
🔸I forgot lending you any money. (Sizga qarzga pul berganimni eslay olmayapman)

2️⃣ to stop - toʻxtamoq (biror ish qilish maqsadida) ma'nosida to infinitive bilan qoʻllaniladi.
🔸He stopped to smoke. (U chekish uchun toʻxtadi.)
🔸After 2 hours we stopped to have a snack. (Ikki soatdan keyin biz tamaddi qilib olish uchun toʻxtadik.)
▫️to stop - toʻxtatmoq, tugatmoq (biror ish-qilishni) degan ma'nolarida gerundiy bilan qoʻllaniladi.
🔸He stopped smoking. (U chekishni toʻxtatdi/tashladi)
🔸When she came in, we stopped talking. (U kirganida, biz gaplashishni toʻxtatdik)

3️⃣ to need - kerak, lozim boʻlmoq ma'nolarida gapning egasi shaxs (ish-harakat bajaruvchisi) boʻlganda aniq nisbatda to+infinitive bilan qoʻllaniladi.
🔸I need to get up early tomorrow. (Men ertaga erta turishim lozim)
▫️to need - kerak, lozim boʻlmoq majhul nisbat ma'nosida gerund bilan qoʻllaniladi.
🔸My car needs cleaning. (Mashinam tozalanishi kerak.)
🔸My grandmother is old. She needs looking after.

💡Yuqoridagi ma'noda to want/require fe'llari ham gerundiy bilan qoʻllaniladi.
🔸My car wants cleaning.

4️⃣ to go on - biror ish qilishda davom etish ma'nosida gerundiy bilan qoʻllaniladi.
🔸We must change our ways. We can't go on living like this any more.
▫️to go on - biror ish qilishdan ikkinchi ishga oʻtish ma'nosida to+infinitive bilan qoʻllaniladi.
🔸Jack was busy writing letters. Then he went on to do his homework.

5️⃣ to mean - biror ish qilishni anglatadi, bildiradi degan ma'noda gerundiy bilan qo'llaniladi.
🔸 In those days, being a student meant spending long hours in the library. (O'sha paytlarda talaba bo'lish kutubxonada uzoq vaqtlab o'tirishni bildirar edi)
▫️to mean - niyatda bo'lmoq degan ma'noda to+infinitive bilan qo'llaniladi.
🔸Sorry, I didn't mean to hurt your feelings. (Kechirasiz, Sizni ko'nglingizga tegish niyatim yo'q edi)

6️⃣ to learn/teach - biror fanni o'rganish/o'rgatish, dars berish ma'nosida gerundiy bilan qo'llaniladi.
🔸 She teaches painting at a local adult education centre.
▫️to learn/teach - biror ish qilishni o'rganish/o'rgatish, ko'nikmaga ega bo'lish ma'nosida to+infinitive bilan qo'llaniladi.
🔸 I'd love to learn to paint well.

7️⃣ to imagine/consider - o'ylamoq, tasavvur (hayol) qilmoq degan ma'nosida gerundiy bilan qo'llaniladi.
🔸 I'm considering going to evening classes.
🔸 Imagine being a graduate!
▫️to imagine/consider - (sifatida) bilmoq, (sifatida) tasavvur qilmoq degan ma'nosida to+infinitive bilan qo'llaniladi.
🔸 Everyone considers it to be the best grammar book on the market.
🔸I imagine him to be a good teacher.

Ⓜ️ Grammarnotes
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📖Dars #83 Ham gerundiy

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