اشتادان Eshtadan | United States America (US)

Create: 2024-03-07 Update: 2024-05-10 01:06:43

پیرامون آریایی بودن واژه تومان!

می‌توان گفت بیشتر فرهنگ‌های نام‌آور ایرانی، ریشه‌ی واژه تومان را «مغولی/ترکی» دانسته‌اند. بنا بر گواه‌ها و نوشته‌های باستانی، این واژه ریشه‌ی آریایی و هندواروپایی دارد که وام‌ واژه‌وار درون زبان‌های آلتایی مغولی - ترکی شده است. واژه تومان با واژه "من man" در زبان پارسی که یکای (=واحدی) سنجش سنگینی‌ست گرفته شده است، این واژه نخستین بار در زبان تُخاری که زبان کوشانیان بوده، به کار رفته است. زبان تُخاری زبانیست هندواروپایی و خویشاوند زبانهای ایرانی که بسیار به زبان سلتی نزدیک است، و روزگاری از خاور(=شرق) ایران تا باختر(غرب) چین و دشتر(=جنوب) آسیای میانه گفتگو می‌شده است. تومان در زبان تخاری کهن به ریختار «تمان» و در تخاری نو به ریختار «تومانه» به چم(= معنی) ده‌هزار به کار رفته است. از آنجا که زبان تُخاری با سرزمین آلتایی (ترکان و مغولان) نزدیک بوده، از این روی وام واژگان بسیاری به زبانهای مغولی و ترکی سپرده است. بن‌مایه‌های پژوهشی ترکیه نیز این واژه را از بُن ایرانی و تُخاری دانسته‌اند. همچون تارنمای شناخته شده‌ی واژه‌شناسی «اتیمولوژی ترکچه» که درباره‌ی ریشه شناختی واژگان ترکی است، واژه‌ی تومان را ساخته شده از دو بخش tu و māna دانسته که« اندازه‌ی بسیار» معنی می‌دهد.

Proto-İranca (Ana-İranca) yazılı örneği bulunmayan *tu-māna "'büyük ölçü', çok büyük sayı, onbin sayısı" sözcüğünden alıntıdır. İrani kaynak için bkz. Bailey 1985: 120. Toharca tmān/tumane bir İrani dilden alıntı olmalıdır. Cf. Douglas Adams, A Dictionary of Tocharian B 301.

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اشتادان Eshtadan

Forwarded from آژفنداک هوخشَتَره (باستان‌‌شناسی، فرهنگ و زبانهای‌‌باستانی، تاریخ‌ایران،ادب پارسی) (کوروش👑)

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Tümen Kelime Kökeni, Kelimesinin Anlamı - Etimoloji

Tümen kelimesinin anlamı, kökeni ve etimolojik incelemesi. Tümen kelimesinin geçtiği en eski kaynak ve kelime etimolojisi, Tümen ne demek?

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اشتادان Eshtadan

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How to Create Telegram Channels on Mobile and Web

Telegram channels allow you to host a large audience and to share information with them. An unlimited number of subscribers can join a Telegram channel. In this step-by-step guide, we will show you how to create Telegram channels on mobile and on the web. We’ll also tell you about the difference between Telegram groups and channels, how to add people to your channel, and some admin controls that you’ll need.

پیرامون آریایی بودن واژه تومان!

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