История английского языка Ænglisċ sprǣċ | United States America (US)

Create: 2024-01-16 Update: 2025-07-06 17:06:05

Закон Гримма или первое передвижение, первый перебой согласных. Сейчас объясню, упрощенно.

В общем, при образовании прагерманского языка, праиндоевропейские (ПИЕ) звуки как будто бы сдвинулись, например p, t, k, у германцев отразились как f, θ, h.

p> f
Латынь - pater
Др. греческий - πατήρ(patḗr)
Санскрит - पितृ (pitṛ́)
Готский - 𐍆𐌰𐌳𐌰𐍂 (fadar)
Др.англ. - fæder
Др.сканд. - faðir

t> θ
Латынь - tū
Русский - ты
Ирландский - tú
Др.сканд. - þú
Др.сакс. - thū

k> h
Латынь - cor
Греческий - καρδία (kardía)
Ирландский - croí
Русский - сердце (у славян своя туса, где ПИЕ k перешло в s)
Английский - heart
Немецкий - Herz

Тоже самое с b, d, g, которые у германцев отразились как p, t, k.
- А почему тогда английское "brother" не выглядит как ~~prother~~, если сравнивать его со славянским "брат", персидским "барадар"?
Скорее всего, источник этого /b/ в ПИЕ был с каким-то другим свойством и лингвисты восстанавливают эти звуки с придыханием bh, dh, gh.
Они сохранились в санскрите, древнегреческом, так же латыни (плюс там были свои процессы, которые указывают на наличие согласных с придыханием, например, переход bh> f в латыни)

Санскрит - भ्रातृ (bhrā́tṛ)
Древнегреческий - φρᾱ́τηρ (phrā́tēr)
Латынь - frāter

История английского языка Ænglisċ sprǣċ

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5.8K viewsPadre Coraje, edited Jan 16, 2024 at 10:54

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История английского языка Ænglisċ sprǣċ

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Закон Гримма или первое передвижение

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