♨️Those who claim that faith is a condition of the heart only; those who claim that faith is merely verbal affirmation (i.e., the Karram
iyyah); those who claim that faith is only affirmation with the heart and tongue, but that action is necessary in addition to it.
❖❐ Imam al-Lalika’i (d. 418H) reports that Abdu'r-Razzaq (as-San’ani) said:
❖❐"I met sixty two Shaykhs, amongst them were: Ma’mar, al-Awza’i, ath-Thawri, al-Walid ibn Muhammad al-Qurashi, Yazid ibn as-Saa’ib, Hammaad ibn Salamah, Hammaad ibn Zaid, Sufyaan ibn Uyainah, Shu’ayb ibn Harh, Waki ibn al-Jarraah, Malik ibn Anas, Ibn Abi Laylaa, lsmail ibn Ayyaash, al-Walid ibn Muslim and those I have not named, all of them saying: Faith consists of speech and action, it increases and decreases.”
[Sharh Usoul I’tiqaad Ahlu's-Sunnah, 5/958]
❖❐ He also reports from Yahya ibn Salim that he said: "I asked ten amongst the Fuqaha about faith and they said: 'Speech and action.’ I asked Sufyan ath-Thawri and he said: ‘Speech and action.’ I asked Ibn Juraij and he said: ‘Speech and action.’ I asked Muhammad ibn Abd-Allah ibn Amr ibn Uthman and he said: ‘Speech and action.’
❖❐ I asked al-Muthni ibn as-Sahaah and he said: ‘Speech and action.’ I asked Naafi ibn Umar ibn Jamil and he said: ‘Speech and action.’ I asked Muhammad ibn Muslim at-Taa’ifi and he said: ‘Speech and action.’ I asked Malik ibn Anas and he said: ‘Speech and action,’ and I asked Sufyaan ibn Uyainah and he said: ‘Speech and action.’
[Sharh Usoul I’tiqaad Ahlu's-Sunnah, 4/848]
❖❐ Ibn Taymiyyah (rahimahullah) said: "And among the fundamentals of Ahlu's-Sunnah wa'l-Jamaa’ah is that the religion which is whatever Allah (Subhanahu wa ta'ala) has commanded and faith is speech and action: The speech of the heart and tongue and the action of the heart, the tongue and the limbs. This is the meaning of faith with Ahlu's-Sunnah wa'l-Jamaa’ah. It is (both) speech and action. Speech is of two kinds:
1️⃣ The speech of the heart and that is its belief (I'tiqaad) and
2️⃣ the speech of the tongue and that is speaking with the word of Islam.
And action is of two types:
🅰️the action of the heart and that is the intention 🅱️and sincerity and the action of the limbs such as prayer, hajj and jihaad."
❖❐ Ibn Qayyim said: "The speech of the heart: It is belief in what Allah (Subhanahu wa ta'ala) , the Most Perfect, has informed about Himself, upon the tongue of His Messengers concerning His Names, His Attributes, His Actions, His Angels and the meeting with Him.
❖❐ The speech of the tongue: It is to inform and convey about Allah (Subhanahu wa ta'ala) with that (i.e., the above), to call to it, defend it, to explain the false innovations which oppose it, to perform His remembrance and to convey His orders.
❖❐ The action of the heart: Such as love for Him, reliance upon Him, having fear and hope in Him, making the din purely and sincerely for Him, having patience upon what He orders and prohibits, having patience with what He decrees and being pleased with it, having allegiance and enmity for His sake, humbling oneself in front of Him, having humility in front of Him, becoming tranquil with Him and other than this from among the actions of the heart whose obligation is more binding than (and precedes) the actions of the limbs.
❖❐ And (likewise) whose recommended actions are more loved by Allah than the recommended actions of the limbs. And the actions of the limbs without the action of the heart is either of no benefit at all or of little benefit.
❖❐ The action of the limbs: Such as prayer and jihaad, attending the Jumu’ah (the Friday Prayer) and congregational prayer, aiding those who are unable, displaying goodness to the creation and other such things." [al-Madaarij, 1/120-121]
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