Create: 2024-04-06 Update: 2024-05-17 23:28:18

"اصلی متن‌پژوهانه" (در رباعیِ اشرف مازندرانی)

میانِ متن‌پژوهان و نسخه‌شناسان این نکته اصلی مسلم است که معمولاً این اثرِ شاعرانِ گمنام است که به دفتر و دیوانِ بزرگان راه‌می‌یابد نه بالعکس. و این طبیعی‌تر و منطقی‌تر نیز هست. مثلاً در قرنِ نهم، غزلی از حافظ را از آنِ خود‌ دانستن طبیعی‌تر هست یا آن‌که غزلی حافظانه را به دیوانِ حافظ افزودن؟! مهم‌ترین دلیلش هم این‌که نسخه‌های کهن‌ترِ شاهکارها معمولاً حجم و شمارِ ابیاتشان نیز کم‌تر است. ازهمین‌رو می‌توان‌گفت نسخه‌ هرچه کهن‌تر ابیاتش نیز کم‌تر. سنجش میانِ شمارِ ابیات در نسخه‌های کهن‌تر و متاخّرترِ شاهنامه یا دیوانِ حافظ، گواهی است بر این ادعا.
می‌گویند کسی که به شعرِ فارسی علاقه‌‌ای‌داشت از استادی پرسید، چرا در زبانِ فارسی جز خیام هیچ رباعی‌‌سرای مشهوری نداریم؟ و استادِ آشنا با تاریخِ ادبیاتِ فارسی، پاسخ‌داد: چون دیگر رباعی‌ها یا آثارِ بدی بوده‌اند که ازبین‌رفته‌اند یا نمونه‌های خوبی بوده‌اند که به حسابِ خیام گذاشته‌شده‌اند!

محمدسعید اشرفِ مازندرانی (سده‌ی ۱۱_۱۰) در یکی از رباعیاتش که طنازانه‌ هم هست اما خوشبختانه چندان درخشان نبوده که به حسابِ خیام بگذارندش، به این مطلب اشاره‌ای‌کرده:

فریاد کزین زمانه‌ی پرشرو‌شور
شد گنج شه از رزقِ گدایان معمور
آری ز کلامِ اهلِ شهرت گردد
اشعارِ نکوی شاعرِ نامشهور!
(کلیات اشرف مازندرانی، تصحیحِ هومن یوسفدهی، بنیاد موقوفات دکتر محمود افشار، ۱۴۰۰، ص ۴۳۱).

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Telegram and Signal Havens for Right-Wing Extremists

Since the violent storming of Capitol Hill and subsequent ban of former U.S. President Donald Trump from Facebook and Twitter, the removal of Parler from Amazon’s servers, and the de-platforming of incendiary right-wing content, messaging services Telegram and Signal have seen a deluge of new users. In January alone, Telegram reported 90 million new accounts. Its founder, Pavel Durov, described this as “the largest digital migration in human history.” Signal reportedly doubled its user base to 40 million people and became the most downloaded app in 70 countries. The two services rely on encryption to protect the privacy of user communication, which has made them popular with protesters seeking to conceal their identities against repressive governments in places like Belarus, Hong Kong, and Iran. But the same encryption technology has also made them a favored communication tool for criminals and terrorist groups, including al Qaeda and the Islamic State.

"اصلی متن‌پژوهانه" (در رباعیِ اشرف مازندرانی)

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