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科学家通过编辑两枚精子的 DNA 成功培育出活体小鼠

一项发表在《PNAS》（美国国家科学院院刊）上的最新研究显示，科学家通过精准编辑 DNA 的化学修饰（甲基化），首次成功利用两枚精子的 DNA 培育出活体小鼠。这项复杂的实验不仅是生殖生物学领域的重大突破，也进一步验证了 DNA 印记在哺乳动物胚胎发育中的关键作用。

在哺乳动物中，胚胎发育需要来自父母双方的 DNA 印记，这些印记通过 DNA 甲基化来调控基因活动。如果只有单一性别的印记，通常会导致胚胎致死。此前，研究人员曾尝试通过基因删除等方法规避这一限制，但产生的后代存活率极低或存在健康问题。

此次研究的创新之处在于，研究团队对两枚精子的 DNA 进行了靶向甲基化重编程。他们从两种远缘的小鼠品系（一种实验室品系和一种近期捕获的野生小鼠品系）中提取精子，并将其 DNA 注入一个去核的卵细胞中。随后，利用 DNA 编辑系统（类似 CRISPR/CAS），将甲基化或去甲基化酶靶向性地作用于其中一套染色体，以重编程其甲基化模式，使其模拟出雌性印记。尽管成功率较低（250 多个重编程胚胎中仅有 3 只活产），但这一成果“明确验证了我们关于印记在胚胎发育中的功能，以及甲基化在此过程中关键作用的设想”。

这项研究不仅深化了我们对 DNA 印记和胚胎发育的理解，也为未来在育种等领域应用同性生殖技术提供了新的可能性，尽管其作为可靠生殖工具仍需克服效率和潜在健康影响等挑战。

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科学家通过编辑两枚精子的 DNA 成功培育出活体小鼠

一项发表在《PNAS》（美国国家科学院院刊）上的最新研究显示，科学家通过精准编辑 DNA 的化学修饰（甲基化），首次成功利用两枚精子的 DNA 培育出活体小鼠。这项复杂的实验不仅是生殖生物学领域的重大突破，也进一步验证了 DNA 印记在哺乳动物胚胎发育中的关键作用。

在哺乳动物中，胚胎发育需要来自父母双方的 DNA 印记，这些印记通过 DNA 甲基化来调控基因活动。如果只有单一性别的印记，通常会导致胚胎致死。此前，研究人员曾尝试通过基因删除等方法规避这一限制，但产生的后代存活率极低或存在健康问题。

此次研究的创新之处在于，研究团队对两枚精子的 DNA 进行了靶向甲基化重编程。他们从两种远缘的小鼠品系（一种实验室品系和一种近期捕获的野生小鼠品系）中提取精子，并将其 DNA 注入一个去核的卵细胞中。随后，利用 DNA 编辑系统（类似 CRISPR/CAS），将甲基化或去甲基化酶靶向性地作用于其中一套染色体，以重编程其甲基化模式，使其模拟出雌性印记。尽管成功率较低（250 多个重编程胚胎中仅有 3 只活产），但这一成果“明确验证了我们关于印记在胚胎发育中的功能，以及甲基化在此过程中关键作用的设想”。

这项研究不仅深化了我们对 DNA 印记和胚胎发育的理解，也为未来在育种等领域应用同性生殖技术提供了新的可能性，尽管其作为可靠生殖工具仍需克服效率和潜在健康影响等挑战。

PNAS Ⅰ Ars Technica

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科学家通过编辑两枚精子的 DNA 成功培育出活体小鼠

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