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Create: 2021-07-01 Update: 2024-05-09 06:58:04

✅نظریه مشورتی اداره کل حقوقی قوه قضاییه

✅آیا جرائم توهین و تهدید به طور کلی از طریق فایل صوتی به عنوان قرینه و شهادت شهود بر تماس تلفنی قابلیت اثبات دارد؟

جزئیات نظریه
شماره نظریه : 7/1400/185
شماره پرونده : 1400-186/2-185 ک
تاریخ نظریه : 1400/03/31

❓استعلام :
شاکی شکایتی مبنی بر توهین و تهدید از طریق تماس تلفنی مطرح کرده و اظهار داشته در زمان تماس مشتکی‌عنه صدای وی را به وسیله گوشی دیگری ضبط کرده است و شش نفر شاهد تماس تلفنی مشتکی‌عنه به وی و به کار بردن الفاظ توهین‌آمیز و تهدیدآمیز از سوی وی بوده‌اند که شهادت می‌دهند کسی که تماس گرفت مشتکی‌عنه بوده صدای او را شناخته‌اند و شاهد تماس تلفنی وی به شاکی و به کار بردن الفاظ توهین آمیز و تهدیدآمیز توسط مشتکی‌عنه و ضبط صدا توسط شاکی بوده‌اند. آیا جرائم توهین و تهدید به طور کلی از طریق فایل صوتی به عنوان قرینه و شهادت شهود بر تماس تلفنی به نحو پیش‌گفته قابلیت اثبات دارد؟ در صورت استناد شاکی به شهادت شهود، آیا تکلیفی جهت توجه به دلیل مزبور و استماع شهادت ایشان متوجه مرجع قضایی است؟

✅نظریه مشورتی اداره کل حقوقی قوه قضاییه :
اولاً، شرط تحقق جرائم توهین یا تهدید از طریق تلفن، استماع الفاظ یا رسیدن اعمال موضوع جرم به مخاطب است. ثانیاً، ادله اثبات جرم در ماده 160 قانون مجازات اسلامی احصاء شده است؛ اما این امر مانع از آن نخواهد بود که امور دیگری مانند سند، نظریه کارشناس،‌ استماع اظهارات مطلعین و .... که عادتاً موجب حصول علم قاضی می‌شود، با عنایت به ماده 211 قانون مجازات اسلامی مصوب 1392 و تبصره یک آن قابل استناد نباشد. با توجه به اطلاق ماده 211 قانون مجازات اسلامی مصوب 1392، علم قاضی به عنوان یکی از ادله اثبات دعوی در همه جرایم با رعایت شرایط می‌تواند به عنوان یک دلیل مورد استناد قرار گیرد. بنا به مراتب فوق در فرض سؤال، استماع شهادت در مقام احراز وقوع توهین صورت گرفته بوسیله تلفن با منع قانونی مواجه نیست.
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Spiking bond yields driving sharp losses in tech stocks

A spike in interest rates since the start of the year has accelerated a rotation out of high-growth technology stocks and into value stocks poised to benefit from a reopening of the economy. The Nasdaq has fallen more than 10% over the past month as the Dow has soared to record highs, with a spike in the 10-year US Treasury yield acting as the main catalyst. It recently surged to a cycle high of more than 1.60% after starting the year below 1%. But according to Jim Paulsen, the Leuthold Group's chief investment strategist, rising interest rates do not represent a long-term threat to the stock market. Paulsen expects the 10-year yield to cross 2% by the end of the year. A spike in interest rates and its impact on the stock market depends on the economic backdrop, according to Paulsen. Rising interest rates amid a strengthening economy "may prove no challenge at all for stocks," Paulsen said.

✅نظریه مشورتی اداره کل حقوقی قوه قضاییه

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