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​​#review #taqriz

📗Mark Levinson — "Quti. Yuk tashish konteyneri qanday qilib dunyoni kichikroq va global iqtisodiyotni kattaroq qildi"

1956-yilda amerikalik biznesmen Malkolm Maklin ilk bor dengiz orqali yuk tashishda konteynerlardan keng foydalanishni o'zi kompaniyasida tadbiq qiladi. Bu keyinchalik jahon iqtisodiyotining aqlbovar qilmas darajada o'zgarishiga olib keladi deb kim o'ylabdi deysiz. Kitob ushbu qiziqarli tarixni batafsil yoritib beradi. Undan atigi bitta misol keltiraman.

Dubay asrlar davomida kichik baliq ovlash porti bo'lib kelgan va uning tabiiy bandargohi yo'q. 1976-yilda hukumat Dubaydan bir necha kilometr uzoqlikdagi Jabal-Ali qishlog'ida konteyner porti qurish rejasini e'lon qiladi. Bir necha yil ichida Jabal Ali dunyodagi eng yirik sun'iy bandargohga aylanishi kerak edi.

Birinchi bosqich 1979-yilda tugagach, arablarda neft narxining ko'tarilishi tufayli pul to'lib-toshgan, ammo iste'mol tovarlari oqimini boshqarish uchun zamonaviy port yo'q edi. Dubay tezda bo'sh joyni to'ldiradi. Hukumat 1985-yilda erkin savdo zonasini yaratib, yuk jo'natuvchilarga tovarlarni mamlakatga olib kirish, ularni port yaqinidagi omborlarda bojsiz saqlash va keyin ularni jo'natish imkonini berdi.

2015-yilga kelib, Jabal Ali dunyodagi eng yirik konteyner portlaridan biriga aylanadi. Uning uchta terminali bir vaqtning o'zida Nyu-York va Los-Anjelesni birlashtirgandan ko'ra ko'proq konteynerlarga ishlov berardi. Dubayning dunyoning eng yirik portlari qatoriga kirishi aql bovar qilmaydi. Uning joylashuvi - Fors ko'rfaziga kirish joyidan uzoq va Xitoy va Janubi-Sharqiy Osiyodan Suvaysh kanaliga ketayotgan kemalarni marshrutdan ancha og'ib ketishga majbur qiladi.

Ajablanarlisi shundaki, agar oddiy yuk tashish konteyneri bo'lmaganida, zamonaviy dunyo hozirgidek bo'lmasdi. Yuqoridagi Dubay misolida ham agar konteyner yuk tashishi bo'lmaganida, hozir Dubay o'sha kichik shahar shaklida qolgan bo'lishi mumkin edi. Konteyner 50 yil ichida ishlab chiqarish, savdo va yuk tashishda inqilob qildi va jahon iqtisodiyotini chinakamiga global bo'lishiga imkon berdi.

Bu oson bo'lmagan. Hech kim o'zgarishga tayyor emas edi. Dokerlik kasbi endi yo'q bo'lib ketdi, Liverpul va Nyu-York kabi ilgari mashhur portlar o'z ahamiyatini yo'qotdi, temir yo'llar vagonlar parkini deyarli butunlay yangilashga majbur bo'ldi, oldinlari mahalliy ishlab chiqarishni endi asosan chet elga o'tkazish natijasida ko'plab rivojlangan mamlakatlar o'z biznes strategiyalarini qayta qurib chiqdi. Global savdoda konteynerlarning o'rni beqiyosligini ushbu ilmiy-ommabop kitob tasdiqlab beradi.

Shuningdek, konteytnerlar katta xavfni ham yaratib berdi: yuz minglab konteynerlar ichida yashiringan noqonuniy migratsiya, konteyner tashuvchi tankerlarning ekologiyaga zarari, konteyner ichida qurol-yarog' va bomba tashish xavfi va hokazo. Ammo shunga qaramay, hozirda Titanikdan bir necha baravar katta tankerlar dunyo bo'ylab katta savdo yuklarini tashib yurishibdi.

Qisqasi, ushbu kitob jahon iqtisodiy geografiyasi va unda konteynerlarning ahamiyati haqida juda qiziqarli, batafsil va eng birinchi manba hisoblanadi.

@panda_books

Panda Books
​​#review #taqriz

📗Mark Levinson — "Quti. Yuk tashish konteyneri qanday qilib dunyoni kichikroq va global iqtisodiyotni kattaroq qildi"

1956-yilda amerikalik biznesmen Malkolm Maklin ilk bor dengiz orqali yuk tashishda konteynerlardan keng foydalanishni o'zi kompaniyasida tadbiq qiladi. Bu keyinchalik jahon iqtisodiyotining aqlbovar qilmas darajada o'zgarishiga olib keladi deb kim o'ylabdi deysiz. Kitob ushbu qiziqarli tarixni batafsil yoritib beradi. Undan atigi bitta misol keltiraman.

Dubay asrlar davomida kichik baliq ovlash porti bo'lib kelgan va uning tabiiy bandargohi yo'q. 1976-yilda hukumat Dubaydan bir necha kilometr uzoqlikdagi Jabal-Ali qishlog'ida konteyner porti qurish rejasini e'lon qiladi. Bir necha yil ichida Jabal Ali dunyodagi eng yirik sun'iy bandargohga aylanishi kerak edi.

Birinchi bosqich 1979-yilda tugagach, arablarda neft narxining ko'tarilishi tufayli pul to'lib-toshgan, ammo iste'mol tovarlari oqimini boshqarish uchun zamonaviy port yo'q edi. Dubay tezda bo'sh joyni to'ldiradi. Hukumat 1985-yilda erkin savdo zonasini yaratib, yuk jo'natuvchilarga tovarlarni mamlakatga olib kirish, ularni port yaqinidagi omborlarda bojsiz saqlash va keyin ularni jo'natish imkonini berdi.

2015-yilga kelib, Jabal Ali dunyodagi eng yirik konteyner portlaridan biriga aylanadi. Uning uchta terminali bir vaqtning o'zida Nyu-York va Los-Anjelesni birlashtirgandan ko'ra ko'proq konteynerlarga ishlov berardi. Dubayning dunyoning eng yirik portlari qatoriga kirishi aql bovar qilmaydi. Uning joylashuvi - Fors ko'rfaziga kirish joyidan uzoq va Xitoy va Janubi-Sharqiy Osiyodan Suvaysh kanaliga ketayotgan kemalarni marshrutdan ancha og'ib ketishga majbur qiladi.

Ajablanarlisi shundaki, agar oddiy yuk tashish konteyneri bo'lmaganida, zamonaviy dunyo hozirgidek bo'lmasdi. Yuqoridagi Dubay misolida ham agar konteyner yuk tashishi bo'lmaganida, hozir Dubay o'sha kichik shahar shaklida qolgan bo'lishi mumkin edi. Konteyner 50 yil ichida ishlab chiqarish, savdo va yuk tashishda inqilob qildi va jahon iqtisodiyotini chinakamiga global bo'lishiga imkon berdi.

Bu oson bo'lmagan. Hech kim o'zgarishga tayyor emas edi. Dokerlik kasbi endi yo'q bo'lib ketdi, Liverpul va Nyu-York kabi ilgari mashhur portlar o'z ahamiyatini yo'qotdi, temir yo'llar vagonlar parkini deyarli butunlay yangilashga majbur bo'ldi, oldinlari mahalliy ishlab chiqarishni endi asosan chet elga o'tkazish natijasida ko'plab rivojlangan mamlakatlar o'z biznes strategiyalarini qayta qurib chiqdi. Global savdoda konteynerlarning o'rni beqiyosligini ushbu ilmiy-ommabop kitob tasdiqlab beradi.

Shuningdek, konteytnerlar katta xavfni ham yaratib berdi: yuz minglab konteynerlar ichida yashiringan noqonuniy migratsiya, konteyner tashuvchi tankerlarning ekologiyaga zarari, konteyner ichida qurol-yarog' va bomba tashish xavfi va hokazo. Ammo shunga qaramay, hozirda Titanikdan bir necha baravar katta tankerlar dunyo bo'ylab katta savdo yuklarini tashib yurishibdi.

Qisqasi, ushbu kitob jahon iqtisodiy geografiyasi va unda konteynerlarning ahamiyati haqida juda qiziqarli, batafsil va eng birinchi manba hisoblanadi.

@panda_books
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​​#review #taqriz

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