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Create: 2024-01-05 Update: 2024-05-16 00:47:59

Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA)
ANA or Anti-NucIear Antibody refers to antibodies against antigens in the nucleus → like dsDNA, centromeres, ribonucleoprotein.
The immunofluorescence assay (IFA) is the main technique used to detect ANAs. Using fluorescence microscopy and serial dilution, a pattern and titer is reported.
Positive ANA ≠ Autoimmune Disease!
• +ANA can be seen in up to 33% of healthy adults, and should be interpreted in the context of other symptoms and physical exam findings
• Titer: The higher the ANA titer, the more likely it will be clinically significant
• Pattern: The ANA patterns are associated with different rheumatic diseases, but often not specific
ANA Patterns and Associated Rheumatic Diseases:
• Homogeneous: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), Drug-induced Lupus, Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA)
• Speckled: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjogren's Syndrome (SS), Polymyositis/Dermatomyositis (PM/DM), Systemic sclerosis or scleroderma (SSc)
• Nucleolar: Diffuse systemic sclerosis/scleroderma, Polymyositis
• Centromere: Limited systemic sclerosis/scleroderma
• Peripheral: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Systemic sclerosis/scleroderma
What diseases are associated with a +ANA?
• Rheumatic Diseases: Lupus (SLE), Systemic Sclerosis (scleroderma), Rheumatoid Arthritis, Sjögren Syndrome, Myositis, Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD), Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, Drug-Induced Lupus
• Non-Rheumatic Diseases: Malignancy, Lymphoproliferative Disorders, Infection, Autoimmune Thyroid, Autoimmune Hepatitis, Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, Drug-Induced, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis, Multiple Sclerosis

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Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA)

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