مشـــروطیــت | United States America (US)

Create: 2022-08-05 Update: 2024-05-16 10:56:22

🔹شکست‌ سنگین ایرانیان در دو جنگ با روس‌ها اگر چه بسیار تلخ و دردناک بود اما نخبگان قاجاری را به اندیشه وا داشت تا شوند( دلیل) این ناکامی‌ها را دریابند. آنان در بررسی‌های خود به جایگاه «افکار عمومی» و«مدرنیته» در چرایی برتری روس‌ها و نیاز هازمان( جامعه) ایرانی به دگرگونی‌ بنیادین پی بردند.

🔹چنان‌که در آن روزگار سراسر ایران را ستم بی‌پایان شاه، دربایان، شاهزادگان و والیان، فرسودگی ساختار سیاسی، اداری، آموزشی، بهداشتی و اقتصادی، ناآگاهی همگانی و چیرگی بینش خرافی، بیچارگی و تهیدستی مردم، واگذاری امتیازات فراوان به بیگانگان و دست‌درازی آنان به خاک ایران را فرا گرفته اما اروپا در اوج پیشرفت و آبادانی بود

بی‌گمان در این فرایند افزون بر رویدادهایی چون انقلاب بزرگ فرانسه و شکست روسیه از ژاپن، کسان بسیار و پر شمار نیزدر این راه پر پیج وخم جایگاهی کارساز داشتند که می‌توان از گزاره‌های زیر نام برد.

۱)- درباریان و سیاسیون

۲)- نویسندگان و روزنامه‌نگاران

۳)- روحانیون

۴)- بازاریان و بازرگانان

مشـــروطیــت

با نگارش فرمان مشروطیت در ۱۴ امرداد سال ۱۲۸۵ خورشیدی به دست مظفرالدین شاه قاجار، دگراندیشان و میهن دوستانی ایرانی بر سنت‌گرایان و خودکامگان پیروز شدند تا راه برای« اندیشه‌ی ترقی» هموار شود. اگر چه در یکصد سال گذشته بعضی از آرمان‌ها و ویژگی‌های مشروطه بر باد…

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Telegram new update brings infinite reactions, emoji statuses

Encrypted messaging app Telegram has announced that it is rolling out a new update that gives users more ways to use new emojis to express how they are feeling -- with infinite reactions and emoji statuses. The company said that premium users can pick reactions from an infinite selection of custom emojis. To make choosing from thousands of emojis easier, they can now attach up to three reactions per message.

در چرایی برتری روس‌ها و نیاز هازمان( جامعه) ایرانی به دگرگونی‌ بنیادین پی بردند.

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