🔆 UNOC 2025: A Tidal Push for Ocean Protection

📍What is UNOC?
✅ The 3rd UN Oceans Conference held in France
✅ Goal: Speed up action on protecting high seas, curbing overfishing, and regulating deep-sea mining

📍The BBNJ Treaty (High Seas Treaty)
✅ Core treaty to protect oceans beyond national jurisdiction
✅ Needs 60 ratifications to become law — 56 countries onboard, India “in process”, U.S. still absent
✅ Aims to protect 30% of marine/coastal areas by 2030

📍Key Treaty Tools
✅ Create marine protected areas beyond national borders
✅ Enforce environmental impact assessments
✅ Share marine genetic resources fairly
✅ Build capacity in developing countries

📍The Big Challenge
✅ Who gets the commercial benefits from marine genetic resources?
✅ No clear equity mechanism yet in place

📍Who’s Paying to Protect the Oceans?
✅ EU: €1 billion for conservation and sustainable fishing
✅ New Zealand: $52 million for Pacific ocean governance
✅ Germany: €100 million to clean up underwater munitions
✅ Italy: €6.5 million for marine surveillance
✅ Canada: $9 million to fight ocean risks + launched coalition on noise pollution
✅ Spain: New MPAs covering 25% of its waters
✅ French Polynesia: Plans world’s largest MPA

📍What’s Next?
✅ A Conference of Parties (COP) for BBNJ is expected by late 2026
✅ Target: 70 ratifications by Sept 2025 to activate the treaty.

UPSC Mapping Prelims Mains

Forwarded from Environment & Ecology UPSC prelims mains

🔆 UNOC 2025: A Tidal Push for Ocean Protection

📍What is UNOC?
✅ The 3rd UN Oceans Conference held in France
✅ Goal: Speed up action on protecting high seas, curbing overfishing, and regulating deep-sea mining

📍The BBNJ Treaty (High Seas Treaty)
✅ Core treaty to protect oceans beyond national jurisdiction
✅ Needs 60 ratifications to become law — 56 countries onboard, India “in process”, U.S. still absent
✅ Aims to protect 30% of marine/coastal areas by 2030

📍Key Treaty Tools
✅ Create marine protected areas beyond national borders
✅ Enforce environmental impact assessments
✅ Share marine genetic resources fairly
✅ Build capacity in developing countries

📍The Big Challenge
✅ Who gets the commercial benefits from marine genetic resources?
✅ No clear equity mechanism yet in place

📍Who’s Paying to Protect the Oceans?
✅ EU: €1 billion for conservation and sustainable fishing
✅ New Zealand: $52 million for Pacific ocean governance
✅ Germany: €100 million to clean up underwater munitions
✅ Italy: €6.5 million for marine surveillance
✅ Canada: $9 million to fight ocean risks + launched coalition on noise pollution
✅ Spain: New MPAs covering 25% of its waters
✅ French Polynesia: Plans world’s largest MPA

📍What’s Next?
✅ A Conference of Parties (COP) for BBNJ is expected by late 2026
✅ Target: 70 ratifications by Sept 2025 to activate the treaty.

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3.11K viewsJun 22 at 05:36