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Create: 2022-07-04 Update: 2025-06-29 12:13:48

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🔵 نحوه‌ی ذخیره‌سازی اطلاعات در حافظه

یک سیم را در نظر بگیرید، برای این سیم دو حالت بیش‌تر وجود ندارد:
0⃣ جریان برق از آن عبور نمی‌کند.
1️⃣جریان برق از آن عبور می‌کند.

از آن‌جایی که کامپیوترها با برق کار می‌کنند تنها راه ارتباط با آن‌ها از همین طریق است؛ یعنی یا صفر یا یک، که به آن «مبنای دو» یا «باینری» (Binary) نیز می‌گویند.

🔹بیت (bit)
کوچک‌ترین واحد ذخیره‌سازی اطلاعات در کامپیوتر، بیت است؛ مقدار ذخیره شده در هر بیت می‌تواند "صفر" یا "یک" باشد.

🔹بایت (Byte)
هر بایت شامل 8 بیت می‌باشد؛ به این ترتیب کوچک‌ترین عدد ذخیره شده در یک بایت صفر است که معادل باینری آن 00000000 می‌باشد و بزرگ‌ترین عدد ذخیره شده در یک بایت 255 است که معادل باینری آن 11111111 می‌باشد. بنابراین هر بایت می‌تواند 256 عدد (از صفر تا 255) را در خود ذخیره کند.

🔹حافظه (Memory)
برای ذخیره‌سازی اطلاعات در کامپیوتر از یک سخت‌افزار (Hardware) به نام حافظه کمک می‌گیریم. حافظه انواع مختلفی دارد از جمله:
حافظه‌ی فقط خواندنی (ROM)
حافظه‌ی تصادفی (RAM)
حافظه‌ی خارجی (External Storage)

حافظه از تعداد زیادی «خانه» تشکیل شده است که هر کدام از آن‌ها نماینده‌ی یک بایت یا 8 بیت می‌باشند. برای متمایز کردن این خانه‌ها از یکدیگر به هر کدام از آن‌ها یک «آدرس» تخصیص داده می‌شود. با در اختیار داشتن آدرس یک خانه از حافظه می‌توان مقدار ذخیره شده در آن را تغییر داد.

شکل کُلی خانه‌های حافظه را می‌توانید در پُست hottg.com/Learncpp/2321 مشاهده کنید.

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شکل کُلی خانه‌های حافظه
@Learncpp

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Spiking bond yields driving sharp losses in tech stocks

A spike in interest rates since the start of the year has accelerated a rotation out of high-growth technology stocks and into value stocks poised to benefit from a reopening of the economy. The Nasdaq has fallen more than 10% over the past month as the Dow has soared to record highs, with a spike in the 10-year US Treasury yield acting as the main catalyst. It recently surged to a cycle high of more than 1.60% after starting the year below 1%. But according to Jim Paulsen, the Leuthold Group's chief investment strategist, rising interest rates do not represent a long-term threat to the stock market. Paulsen expects the 10-year yield to cross 2% by the end of the year. A spike in interest rates and its impact on the stock market depends on the economic backdrop, according to Paulsen. Rising interest rates amid a strengthening economy "may prove no challenge at all for stocks," Paulsen said.

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