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Create: 2025-06-14 Update: 2025-06-28 06:26:09

به مناسبت ۱۴ ژوئن زادروز کارل لنداشتاینر و روز جهانی اهداء خون

در سال ۱۹۰۰ کارل لنداشتاینر گروه‌های خونی مختلف را کشف کرد و موفق شد راه را برای انتقال خون و نجات جان میلیونها انسان بگشاید.

گروه‌های خونی وابسته به آنتی‌ژنهای روی سطح گلبول‌های قرمز خون هستند. معروفترین آنها ABO و Rh هستند که به گروه‌های خونی A, B, AB و O و هر کدام به Rh منفی و مثبت تقسیم می‌شوند.
باید دانست حدود ۳۶ گروه ژنی با بیش از ۶۰۰ نوع آنتی‌ژن گروه خونی کامل انسانها را تشکیل می‌دهند که منجر به ایجاد میلیونها نوع گروه خونی می‌شوند. البته اکثر این آنتی‌زنها یا در تمام انسانها موجودند یا در تعداد معدودی افراد و به همین دلیل دانستن گروه خونی افراد از نوع ABO و Rh در اکثر موارد جلوی واکنشهای مرگبار در انتقال خون را میگیرد
بعضی فنوتیپهای بسیار نادر گروه خونی وجود دارد که می‌توانند باعث شوند انتقال خون را به فرد صاحب آنها غیر ممکن کند. مثلا گروه خونی O بمبئی عملا فقط از همین گروه خونی امکان دریافت خون دارد یا گروه خونی Rh null که فقط در ۴۶ نفر در دنیا دیده شده و فقط ۹ اهدا کننده آن در دنیا هستند.

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Can I mute a Telegram group?

In recent times, Telegram has gained a lot of popularity because of the controversy over WhatsApp’s new privacy policy. In January 2021, Telegram was the most downloaded app worldwide and crossed 500 million monthly active users. And with so many active users on the app, people might get messages in bulk from a group or a channel that can be a little irritating. So to get rid of the same, you can mute groups, chats, and channels on Telegram just like WhatsApp. You can mute notifications for one hour, eight hours, or two days, or you can disable notifications forever.

به مناسبت ۱۴ ژوئن زادروز کارل لنداشتاینر و روز جهانی اهداء خون

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