#IR #Reports #Indices

✅Global Report on Internal Displacement 2024 (GRID-2024):

🅾️By?- Geneva-based Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre.

🅾️What is the highlight in this report?- It Records internal displacements due to conflict, violence, and disasters.

🅾️ Increase in internally displaced people (IDPs)

🅾️Causes of Displacement:

✴️1.Disasters:25% of people displaced due to disasters -caused by earthquakes.

✴️2. Conflict and Violence-Top IDP Hosting Countries: Sudan, Syria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Colombia, and Yemen host nearly half of the world’s IDPs.
⚜️ South Asia: Highest displacements due to conflict and violence in India since 2018.

🅾️Displacements Due to Natural Disasters: Sharp decline in 2023: 528,000 compared to 2.5 million in 2022.

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#SnT #Environment

✅Brumation

⚜️Brumation: Period of dormancy/slowed activity in reptiles, akin to hibernation in mammals
⚜️Occurs during colder months when temperatures drop and food is scarce
⚜️Reptiles enter brumation state to conserve energy and survive adverse conditions

🔰During brumation:
⚜️Reptiles retreat to underground burrows, rock crevices or sheltered areas with stable temperatures
⚜️Their metabolism slows significantly, can go weeks/months without eating
⚜️Reduced activity allows energy conservation and minimizes resource needs

🔰Which animals?
⚜️Box turtles, painted turtles burrow in mud at pond/lake bottoms
⚜️Snakes seek underground dens or caves
⚜️Lizards hide under rocks or vegetation
⚜️Brumation crucial for reptile survival in cold climates
⚜️Allows them to endure challenging conditions
⚜️Reemerge to feed and reproduce in favorable climes

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🔴🎖Important difference between ICC and ICJ apart from the usual info you find in CA magazines

✅The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is a civil court that hears disputes between countries.

✅The ICC is a criminal court that prosecutes individuals. ...

1998 Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) deals with four core international crimes- Crimes Against Humanity (CAH)- genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression- these “shall not be subject to any statute of limitations

The ICC is a permanent court, and is global in its reach.- Not a UN body

Candidates who followed the khulbushan jhadav case might a doubt and even get confused without proper revision : If ICC deals with individuals- Why did ICJ involve? - Freshers - Read this hindu article

✅Because of involvement of India and pakistan on the grounds that Pakistan violated vienna convention- which makes it a case between two countries- please note this point

Source : click here

🅾️Where can we get confused? : Is India a party to rome statute considering the democratic principles we have?-

India is not a party to the Rome Statute, which means that it is under no obligation at present to enact a separate legislation dealing with CAH.Also even after ratification of the Genocide Convention (1948), India has not enacted it in domestic legislation

#SnT

✅Zero debris charter

🅾️By?- initiative of the European Space Agency (ESA)

🅾️Why?- To encourage a Zero Debris approach for its space missions and to encourage partners and other actors to pursue similar paths

🅾️What is special about this?- It is the first initiative of its kind - It has a vision of creating no space debris by 2030 and making possible the long-term sustainability of space activities

🅾️Is it binding?- charter is a non-legally binding agreement, but it encourages a community of proactive actors working collectively towards jointly defined targets for 2030.

⚠️Note : Much of the debris is in low Earth orbit, within 2,000 km (1,200 miles) of Earth’s surface, though some debris can be found in geostationary orbit 35,786 km (22,236 miles) above the Equator.

🛑Also read about Outer space treaty : Click here

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#SnT

✅Enzymatic Delamination Technology

🅾️Purpose: This technology is designed to enable the recycling of multi-layer aseptic packaging, which was historically considered non-recyclable due to its mixed material structure.

🅾️Mechanism:

⚜️Enzymes: Utilizes enzymes to break down the bonding between different layers of packaging materials.
⚜️Separation: This process allows for the separation of individual layers such as paper, polyethylene, and foil laminate

🅾️Outcome:-Recycling: The separated layers can be reused in the production of new products, thus making the recycling of aseptic packaging feasible and environmentally friendly.

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#Economy

✅sugarcane - FRP Vs MSP

🅾️ For sugarcane, the FRP is the primary pricing mechanism used to ensure farmers are paid fairly and promptly. However you should also note that the MSP exists theoretically but its practical application is limited due to the perishability of sugarcane and the urgency to process it quickly.


🅾️The mismatch between rising FRP and stagnant MSP for sugar poses financial challenges for sugar mills, affecting their ability to make timely payments to farmers.


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